Legionella bacteria activity investigation in domestic water heating systems : tripoli-libya as a case study
Other Title(s)
دراسة نشاط بكترييا الليجونيلا في منظومات تسخين المياه المنزلية : طرابلس-ليبيا (دراسة حالة)
Joint Authors
Abd al-Nabi, Muhammad Jumah R.
al-Qariu, Abd al-Majid Umar
al-Mabruk, Majid
al-Maghribi, Adil E.
Source
Solar Energy and Sustainable Development
Issue
Vol. 10, Issue 2 (31 Dec. 2021), pp.11-20, 10 p.
Publisher
Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies
Publication Date
2021-12-31
Country of Publication
Libya
No. of Pages
10
Main Subjects
Engineering & Technology Sciences (Multidisciplinary)
Abstract EN
Legionella is a kind of bacteria that has been detected by many researchers in different Water Heating Electrical (EWH) or solar (SWH) systems installed at various places.
In the capital city Tripoli - Libya, most of water heater systems used are of electric type.
Simultaneously, over 100 solar water heating (SWH) systems provided with electric heaters were installed under the supervision of the Centre for Solar Energy Research and Studies (CSERS) in the residential buildings in Tripoli in the period between (2000 and 2020).
Ten hot water samples were collected from the outlet points in SWH systems and 43 water samples from different water draining points at Corinthia hotel and Palm City Residences water systems, for the purpose of legionella detection and enumeration in the systems.
A questionnaire was designed and distributed to be filled by the 10 SWH system users whom the ten water samples were taken from.
The purpose was to collect information about the building, the hot water system, and the user’s satisfaction.
As the water source is untreated ground water from private wells, analysis of Escherichia coli (E.coli), total Coliform bacteria and total bacterial count were conducted to see whether any other probable bacteria kind is available.
According to the results obtained, both 43 samples and 10 SWH samples investigated are free of legionella bacteria, while the total bacteria count for 4 out of 10 SWH systems was less than 60 CFU/g.
This was due to water temperature not lowered to the bacteria colonisation temperature, and the daily water temperature gained from solar energy was high enough to be more than 55°C for at least an hour daily and maximum daily temperature exceeds 60°C for 80 days in addition to summer time, which is high enough to destroy legionella bacteria.
American Psychological Association (APA)
al-Qariu, Abd al-Majid Umar& Abd al-Nabi, Muhammad Jumah R.& al-Mabruk, Majid& al-Maghribi, Adil E.. 2021. Legionella bacteria activity investigation in domestic water heating systems : tripoli-libya as a case study. Solar Energy and Sustainable Development،Vol. 10, no. 2, pp.11-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1414315
Modern Language Association (MLA)
al-Qariu, Abd al-Majid Umar…[et al.]. Legionella bacteria activity investigation in domestic water heating systems : tripoli-libya as a case study. Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Vol. 10, no. 2 (Dec. 2021), pp.11-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1414315
American Medical Association (AMA)
al-Qariu, Abd al-Majid Umar& Abd al-Nabi, Muhammad Jumah R.& al-Mabruk, Majid& al-Maghribi, Adil E.. Legionella bacteria activity investigation in domestic water heating systems : tripoli-libya as a case study. Solar Energy and Sustainable Development. 2021. Vol. 10, no. 2, pp.11-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1414315
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references : p. 19-20
Record ID
BIM-1414315