One health and one medicine : a review of the literature

Abstract EN

The interface between humans and animals is recognized as a critical point where zoonotic diseases can emerge and reemerge.

These are majorly aggravated by globalization, urbanization, and trade of animals and animal by-products, etc.

Infectious diseases can therefore occur at the border of human, animal, and ecosystem interaction.

In this context, health has been viewed and defined by most scholars at three angles; i.e.

individual level, population or group level, and the ecosystem level.

In line with this, the one health approach considers human, animal, and environmental health, and currently, it is a worldwide recognized approach.

One health considers so many fields, due to this it is known as a multidisciplinary approach, and promotes good health for all creatures (humans, animals, and the surrounding ecosystem) because one cannot live alone without the interaction of another.

So, the purpose of this review is to avail current scientific information and areas of cooperation between the two medicines, to take action in the one health and one medicine agenda.

Generally, the health for all motto is recognized throughout the world even if it requires multisectoral unity and collaboration, responsible team and/or institutional rearrangement, planning, and prioritization of issues.

Finally, for effective implementation, there should be strong innovative biomedical research, policy and institutional setting, university curricula rearrangement, continuous advocacy, awareness creation, and education of community and implementers.