Statistically significant difference in the first-trimester fetal heart rate between genders ?
Joint Authors
Oloyede, Olufemi Adebari
Lamina, Mustafa Adelaja
Source
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences
Issue
Vol. 17, Issue 2 (30 Jun. 2022), pp.236-243, 8 p.
Publisher
Omdurman Islamic University Faculty of Medicine
Publication Date
2022-06-30
Country of Publication
Sudan
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Background: The study aims to establish the pattern of fetal heart rates in the first and second trimesters and determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the first-trimester fetal heart rate (FHR) of males and females.
Methods: This retrospective observational research is a study of FHRs measured at 11+0–13+6 wk and 18+0–23+6 wk, and ultrasound scan-diagnosed fetal sex at 18+0–23+6 wk.
Singleton fetuses with nonambiguous external genitalia were recruited.
The FHR was measured in B or M mode with Pulsed Wave Doppler, while ultrasound appearance of external genitalia determined the fetal sex at 18+0–23+6 wk.
Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: A total of 2437 pregnancies meeting the study criteria were analyzed.
The fetal sexes were 1398 (57.4%) males and 1039 (42.6%) females.
There was no statistically significant difference in the first-trimester FHR between males and females (p = 0.74).
However, females had higher mean FHR in both the first and second trimesters (First trimester: 165.4 ± 18.2 bpm vs 163.2 ± 17.1 bpm and Second trimester: 150.9 ±22.6 bpm vs 141.9 ±23.1 bpm).
The FHR reduces with the increase in gestational age.
Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in the first-trimester FHRs between sexes.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Oloyede, Olufemi Adebari& Lamina, Mustafa Adelaja. 2022. Statistically significant difference in the first-trimester fetal heart rate between genders ?. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences،Vol. 17, no. 2, pp.236-243.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1437724
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Oloyede, Olufemi Adebari& Lamina, Mustafa Adelaja. Statistically significant difference in the first-trimester fetal heart rate between genders ?. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 17, no. 2 (2022), pp.236-243.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1437724
American Medical Association (AMA)
Oloyede, Olufemi Adebari& Lamina, Mustafa Adelaja. Statistically significant difference in the first-trimester fetal heart rate between genders ?. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022. Vol. 17, no. 2, pp.236-243.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1437724
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references : p. 242-243
Record ID
BIM-1437724