Reviewing remediation methods for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium "cr6+" from industrial effluent

Abstract EN

Heavy metal is one of the major environmental and ecological problems in this world.

The presence of heavy metals in water and wastewater causes toxic effects to the living beings and the environment.

Compared to other heavy metals (such as Cr6+, Pb2+, Zn2+ etc.,) the presence of (CrVI) in industrial effluents has become a huge problem worldwide as (CrVI) is highly toxic to animals due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species in cells.

The excess amount of (CrVI) affects the lungs and lead to respiratory disorders in the human beings.

It also contaminates the soil and groundwater.

Due to a large number of industries that generate (CrVI) in its effluents such as tanneries and electroplating industries, the (CrVI) contamination in the wastewater and aqueous solutions exceeds the tolerance limits.

Many remediation processes for removal of (CrVI) have been researched and reviewed extensively.

Many methods are used to remove the (CrVI) from the aqueous solutions and industrial effluents.

This paper reviewed different remediation methods namely: the using of natural absorbent; the conventional chemical reduction method; the biosorbent method, nano-technology application; and other remediation methods.

For each method, information about major parameters affecting the efficiency of removal of (CrVI) from industrial effluent are stated.

Brief discussion is included relating the different methods, in addition to some future aspects for the remediation process.