Indices of drinking water quality in four centers Qalyubia at governorate, Egypt

Abstract EN

This study was carried at out four main centers in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt namely Benha, Kafr Shukr, Toukh and Qalyub before and after treatment process of drinking water.

Each of the four main sites included subsites along the distribution system namely Benha (Mit Asem and Benha), Kafr Shukr (Isnit and Kafr Shukr), Toukh (Toukh, Al Deir and Qaha), Qalyub (Qalama and Qalyub).

Physical and bacteriological examinations were carried out in both main and subsites during winter and summer 2017-2016.

Turbidity and pH values were ranged between (1.16-2.60) NTU and (7.27-7.87) during two seasons after treatment process, respectively.

Additionally, lower values of electric conductivity (EC) and Total hardness (T.

H.

) were recorded after treatment than and before, the lowest values were observed in Qalyub and Benha during summer, respectively.

Moreover, total solids (dissolved TDS and suspended TSS) values were in permissible limits and indicate the efficiency of treatment process.

Respecting the changes in total bacterial counts in all main subsites under study, higher counts bacteria were observed in samples incubated 37℃ than 22℃ with highest count in Qalyub and Toukh, respectively.

While Salmonella and fecal streptococci counts were reduced with considerable numbers after treatment than before and most of subsites didn't record any counts of Salmonella during winter.

The most prevalence bacteria were isolated and testing of their susceptibility agains antibiotics and found one of them was multiple antibiotics resistant which finally identified by 16sDNA genev sequencing as Salmonella enterica.

Various chlorine concentrations found to be efficient against S.

enterica 7.0 ppm was the best with save residual chlorine concentration.