Vitamin D and calcium levels between Bahraini and expatriate laborers in exposed and non-exposed to the sun
Joint Authors
al-Shaybani, Tariq
Jaradat, Ahmad
Radi, Amirah
Mir, Husayn H.
Source
Issue
Vol. 43, Issue 2 (30 Jun. 2021), pp.496-500, 5 p.
Publisher
King Hamad University Hospital
Publication Date
2021-06-30
Country of Publication
Bahrain
No. of Pages
5
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Background : Vitamin D deficiency is a matter of concern among Bahrainis nowadays.
The exposure period to the sun plays a significant role in vitamin D and calcium levels.
Most Bahraini employees work indoors with limited exposure to the sun.
Objective : To evaluate vitamin D and calcium levels among Bahrainis and expatriate laborers in both exposed and non-exposed to the sun.
Design : An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.
Setting : Arabian Gulf University, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Physiology Department and Middle East Hospital, Bahrain.
Method : The study was carried out on four groups; non-exposed Bahrainis N=25 (Group 1), exposed Bahrainis N=94 (Group 2), non-exposed expatriates N=24 (Group 3), and exposed expatriates N=31 (Group 4) from 1 October 2018 and 30 September 2019.
The levels of vitamin D and calcium in all four groups was evaluated.
A blood sample of 5ml was obtained after securing the consent and approval.
Vitamin D and calcium levels were evaluated in exposed and non-exposed Bahrainis (groups 1 and 2, respectively) and exposed and non-exposed expatriates (groups 3 and 4, respectively).
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.
Two independent samples and an independent t-test were used to test the significant mean differences in different groups.
P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result : Exposed Bahrainis have higher level of vitamin D, 20.35±0.84ng/ml compared to non-exposed Bahrainis, 14+0.71 ng/ml, P=0.02.
Unpredictably, exposed expatriates have lower vitamin D level, 16.92+0.72ng/ml compared to 21.62+2.00ng/ml for non-exposed expatriates, P=0.02.
A significant difference in vitamin D level was found between the non-exposed groups 1 and 3, 14.30±0.71 ng/ml and 21.62±2.00ng/ml, respectively, P-0.001.
Whereas, exposed Bahrainis, group 2 have significantly higher vitamin d level, 20.35±0.84ng/ml compared to exposed expatriates, group 4, 16.92± 0.72ng/ml, P=0.002.
However, no significant difference in calcium level was found between the exposed groups 2 and 4, 9.41±0.05mg/ml and 9.45±0.05mg/ml, respectively, P=0.6.
Also, almost the same level of calcium was found in both non-exposed group1 and 3, 9.99±0.06mg/ml and 10.0±0.07mg/ml, respectively, P=0.002.
Conclusion : Exposed Bahraini workers have higher vitamin D level but the same calcium levels than the non exposed Bahrainis.
Unpredictably, among expatriate groups, exposed patriates have lower vitamin D compared to non-exposed but the same calcium levels, which contradicts the findings of other studies 37,15,37.
American Psychological Association (APA)
al-Shaybani, Tariq& Jaradat, Ahmad& Radi, Amirah& Mir, Husayn H.. 2021. Vitamin D and calcium levels between Bahraini and expatriate laborers in exposed and non-exposed to the sun. Bahrain Medical Bulletin،Vol. 43, no. 2, pp.496-500.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1493226
Modern Language Association (MLA)
al-Shaybani, Tariq…[et al.]. Vitamin D and calcium levels between Bahraini and expatriate laborers in exposed and non-exposed to the sun. Bahrain Medical Bulletin Vol. 43, no. 2 (Jun. 2021), pp.496-500.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1493226
American Medical Association (AMA)
al-Shaybani, Tariq& Jaradat, Ahmad& Radi, Amirah& Mir, Husayn H.. Vitamin D and calcium levels between Bahraini and expatriate laborers in exposed and non-exposed to the sun. Bahrain Medical Bulletin. 2021. Vol. 43, no. 2, pp.496-500.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1493226
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references : p. 499-500
Record ID
BIM-1493226