Does middle class boost an institutional reform?: evidence from selected Arab countries

Abstract EN

The study seeks to investigate the link between the middle class and institutional consequences in four Arab countries.

The study deploys a mixed effect model to measure whether increasing the size of middle class would have a causal effect on institutional outcomes in three important areas: health and education, market-oriented and governance during the period (1990-2015).

Finding that larger middle class (proportion of people earning between $4 - $ 13 a day), has negative influence on each of health, tariff, education, and government effectiveness.

Also, it has no significant influence on rule of law and corruption.