Les Habous pour la Mosquée de Kairouan jusqu'à la fin du règne des Zirides 50-543 de l'hégire 670-1148

Abstract FRE

Islamic architecture in most Islamic eras has been constructed within the Islamic endowment system so as to ensure that these buildings will continue performing their roles after the death of the endowers.

This research aims to highlight the orientations of the Islamic endowment in the buildings of the Ottoman era in the Capital of the Islamic Caliphate, Istanbul, since it was conquered by Muhammad Al Fatih in 875 AH/1453 AD) until the late 10th Hijri century / 16"Gregorian century.

After its invasion, Muhammad Al Fatih proceeded by establishing the first architectural endowment in the city which was the endowments of "Hagia Sophia Mosque".

For this purpose, he built several commercial firms.

The endowment system has been characterized by the construction of Imarets.

Such Imarets are buildings which include two types of firms.

One of them is the service firms which have been established based on the drives of piousness, making good deeds, and generating benefits for Muslims.

They have included mosques, hospitals, charitable catering houses, and guest houses.

In addition, profit-generating firms were built.

They have included inns, markets, public baths, etc.

Such profit-generating firms have yielded incomes covering the expenses of the first type of firms without consumption of the original capital.

The service buildings surrounded the mosque and the profit-generating buildings were near them or in a place suitable for their function of financing the Ottoman endowments.

So, all architectural complexes in the city included a commercial building serving as the most important part of the endowment buildings.

All such endowments were registered, after juristic reviews as to avoid contradiction with the Islamic Sharia, within a special endowment certified by the City Judge, and included in his registrar.

Then, they were approved by the Sultan himself, indicating the attention paid by the State to the Islamic endowments.