فلسفة الطب عن كلود برنار

Abstract EN

This paper is dedicated to studying the medical thought or "philosophy of medicine" of Claude Bernard, using a descriptive-analytical approach.

it explores and analyzes a set of key ideas and terms formulated by Bernard in his scientific and experimental career.

some of the ideas examined in this paper include the "internal environment" of the organic being, "medical determinism," "medical certainty," the vital, teleological, and mechanical principles, and the "problem of generalization," among others.

the study also poses several questions for examination, such as the limits of innovation and creativity in Claude Bernard's medical thought, the extent of his influence and impact, the achievements, and the areas of failure.

additionally, it explores how contemporary medicine and medical thought can benefit from Bernard's works today.

the study concludes with findings that Claude Bernard is indeed the founder of experimental medicine.

while he borrowed the applied methodology from physicochemical sciences to apply it to living phenomena, he did not create a specific methodology for living phenomena; his revolution was external rather than internal.

Bernard coined various terms, including the "internal environment" in contrast to the external environment, successfully reconciling seemingly contradictory terms such as "mechanism" and "vitality," "absolute determinism" and "relative determinism," and others.