Nephrobronchial fistula complicating neglected nephrolithiasis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Abstract EN

Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare complication seen in association with renal infections, trauma or stone disease.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an infectious disease with a potential for fertilization to lung, skin, colon and other organs.

We present a case of nephrolithiasis complicated by obstruction leading to pyonephrosis and nephrobronchial fistula, treated successfully by nephrectomy and excision of fistulous tracts.

Nephrobronchial fistula, although a rare complication of longstanding renal stone, should be considered when a patient presents with per renal supportive process.

This clinical case illustrates the natural history of nephron-bronchial fistula and the relevance of early treatment of nephrolithiasis.