Acquired pure red cell aplasia caused by parvovirus B19 infection following a renal transplant

Abstract EN

We report a young Omani male who developed severe and persistent anemia after a kidney transplantation while being on immunosuppressant therapy, standard practice to prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney.

His bone marrow aspirate showed the classic morphological changes of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), induced by parvovirus B19 infection which is the presence of giant proerythroblasts with viral inclusions.

The virus was also demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in the blood along with IgM antibodies to parvovirus B19.

He responded dramatically to high dose immunoglobulin with a normalization of his hemoglobin level in two weeks and remained normal until seven months later.

Parvovirus B19 induced PRCA can be cured.

This a etiology must be kept in mind especially when a chronic anemia, refractory to treatment, is accompanied by a reticulocytopenia.

The latter reflects the lyses’ of the proerythroblasts, preventing maturation of the elytroid cells causing anemia.

Early recognition and prompt treatment spares the patient unnecessary exposure to blood transfusions, erythropoietin and renal disease caused by the virus.

PRCA secondary to parvovirus B19 infection following kidney transplantation is reported in the literature, but not in the Omani population.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report in Oman.