Evaluation of ground water quality in al-Baidh held, Hodieda City, Yemen

Abstract EN

Ground water is the main source for drinking water in Hodieda city, Yemen.

This study discusses the chemical and physical characteristics of nineteen ground water wells in the Al-baidh field.

Thus, the measurement of water quality parameters such as electrical conductivity EC, total dissolved solids TDS, pH, turbidity, color, total alkalinity, total hardness TH , N03 -, S042 -, P043 -, CI- ,Na +, K +, Ca2 + and Mg2 + in addition to Mn, Cu, Fe and Cr were expressed.

The results indicate unacceptable levels of TDS, C1 -, Na +, Ca2 + and Mg2 + comparing with the maximum tolerable concentration given by World Health Organization (WHO) and Yemen standard (YS).

Elsewhere, the measurement of S042 - and N03- exceeded the allowable values given by WHO and Y.S for most the samples which can be attributed to the nature of the geological and chemical structure of soil in Al-baidh field.

In this study, measurement of the concentration for elements such as Cr, Fe, and Mn were carried out, the results indicate that the values for this elements were within the allowable ranges.

In this paper the concepts of star- refinement and strongly star- refinement of covering are extended to fuzzy topological space in the sense of Chang, basic theorem for covering dimension of normal fuzzy topological space is proved .

Also, the small inductive dimension function is extended to fuzzy topological space, and some results for this inductive dimension in Chang's space are obtained .