Cytotoxic and cytogenetics effects of aqueous, methanolic and secondary metabolites extracts of capparis spinosa on tumor cell lines in vitro

Abstract EN

Capparis spinosa is one of the most aromatic plants growing in wild in the dry regions around the west or central Asia and the Mediterranean basin, and reports to contain a wide range of phytochemical constituents.

The present study evaluates the cytotoxic effects of aqueous, methanolic crude extracts and secondary metabolites extracts polyphenolic, rutin, and alkaloids of mature fruit of C.

spinosa on Human larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) and Human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) tumor cell lines in vitro.

The present study also includes the investigation of the effect of polyphenol mature fruit extracts on mitotic index (M.I.) of HeLa tumor cell line.

The effect of (aqueous and methanol) crude extracts and secondary metabolites extracts (polyphenol, rutin, and alkaloids) of mature fruits of C.

spinosa on Hep-2 and HeLa tumor cell lines have been showed highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.0001) or (P ≤ 0.01) among all types of extracts, and among all concentrations for each extract in two periods 24 and 48 hrs of the treatment.

However the study reveals that the effective extracts against the proliferation of tested cell line were polyphenol extracts with concentration 10000 μg / ml in Hep-2 cells after 24 and 48 hrs.

and with concentrations 10000 and 5000 μg / ml in HeLa cell line after 48 hrs.

Polyphenolic extract showed a cytotoxicity concentration 50 % (CC50 %) 6400 and 6800 μg / ml on Hep-2 tumor cell line after 24 and 48 hrs.

of treatment, respectively.

The CC50 % of HeLa cells was 7100μg / ml after 48 hrs.

Other extracts ; aqueous, methanolic crude extracts and secondary metabolites extracts (rutin and alkaloids) of mature fruit of C.

spinosa caused less inhibition activity on the growth of Hep-2 and HeLa tumor cell lines.

The CC50 % for all these extracts were more than 10000 μg / ml.

The result of present study shows that non significant difference of polyphenol mature fruit extracts effect on the type of tumor cell line either HeLa or Hep-2 cell lines.

The cytogenetic study on HeLa cell line shows that polyphenol mature fruit extract has antimitotic index against tested cell line.

Some of structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations were observed in both treated and untreated groups.

Structural chromosomal aberrations include: ring chromosome (R.

Ch.), dicentric chromosome (D.

C.Ch.), chromatid gap and symmetrical interchange of chromosome as well as pulverization in treated group with higher concentrations 3550and 1775 μg / ml of extract.

Numerical chromosomal aberrations include : octoploidy, euploidy and aneuploidy.