Drag force reduction of flowing kerosene and gas oil using surfactants in carbon steel and PVC pipes

Dissertant

Ramadani, Sahar Abd al-Hadi

Thesis advisor

Rasul, Ghayyath Abd al-Rida
Salih, Najat Jumah

University

University of Technology

Faculty

-

Department

Department of Chemical Engineering

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Ph.D.

Degree Date

2006

English Abstract

Pipe lines and tubes are used throughout the world for the economic transportation of crude oil, petroleum derivatives, gas and water.

So high pressure drops are resulted due to drag force.

Therefore, a modern technique was suggested to increase the flow within these pipelines (reducing the drag caused by friction resistance), by using PVC pipes as simulation carbon steel pipe coated with PVC adhesives, adding small amounts of additives part per millions (ppm) as drag reducing agents.

This research investigated increasing flow rates (% FL) in either gas oil or kerosene at different flow rates (2 to 6 m3 /h) in different PVC pipes (0.0254 m & 0.0508 m) ID as simulation carbon steel pipe coated with PVC adhesives, using diilereni oddities es (SDBS, SLLS, SLS, NONIONIC) with different concentrations from (50 PPM up to 500 PPM).

These results were compared with experiments Experimental rig was built with two loops.

The inner loop was 0.0254 m ID PVC pipe and the outer loop was 0.0508 m ID PVC pipe.

Total length of pipe was around 16 m and the testing section was 4 m.

Similarly two loops of carbon steel pipes were also built.

Total increase (Q), and incremental increase (M) in flow rates, friction factor (/), percent drag reduction (% DR) and percent flow increase (% FL) were evaluated from difference in pressure measurements.

The results indicated that PVC pipe gave around (55 % to 50 %) flow rate increase in gas oil or in kerosene compared with flowing in carbon steel pipe.

Additives in solvents improved flow rates about (4 % to 9 %) for SDBS dissolved in gas oil and (4 % to 17 %) for SDBS dissolved in kerosene.

These additives have no effects on the physical properties of solvents.

Correlations were obtained for each system (i.e.

surfactant type, solvent type).

These Correlations showed the friction factor as a function of Reynolds number (Re), surfactant concentration (C) and roughness of pipe (e / d).

Main Subjects

Chemistry

Topics

• Organic chemistry
• Fluid dynamics
• Kerosene

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-306259