The evolution of planetary nebulae (PN)‎ and fading time according to synthetic model

Abstract EN

Planetary nebulae (PN) represent the short phase in the life of stars with masses (7-0.89) M☉.

Several physical processes taking place during the red giant phase of low and intermediates-mass stars.

These processes include : 1) The regular (early) wind and the envelope ejection, 2) The thermal pulses during Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase.

In this paper it is briefly discussed how such processes affect the mass range of Planetary Nebulae (PN) nuclei (core) and their evolution, and the PN life time, and fading time for the masses which adopted.

The Synthetic model is adopted.

The envelope mass of star (MeN) and transition time (ttr) calculated respectively for the parameter (MeR =1.5, 2, 3 × 10-3 M☉).

Another time scale is of capital importance for the understanding of PN and their nuclei, it is the fading time (tf).

The results indicated that for each observed nebulae (ttr < tPN) also the fading time is sensitive to mass core (MH) of star, the mass with 1.2 M☉ takes only (25 yr.) to fading, while the mass with (0.66 M☉) takes about ( 4715 yr.) years to fading.

The calculations showed that (ttr) increases with the increasing of final mass (Mf).

The initial nebulae radius will also increase with (Mf) thus will correlate with the location of nucleus on the HR diagram.