Batch and flow injection techniques for determination of chloramphenicol and promethazine-hcl in pharmaceutical formulations

Other Title(s)

طريقة التقليدية و الحقن الجرياني لتقدير كلورمفينيكول و بروميثازين-HCl في مستحضرات الصيدلانية

Dissertant

Muhammad, Hunar Yasin

Thesis advisor

Fayd Allah, Azad T.

Comitee Members

Mahmud, Kamal M.
Jamil, Lazgin A.
Baban, Shirwan O.

University

Salahaddin University-Hawler

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Chemistry Department

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2011

English Abstract

This thesis includes three main chapters: Chapter One: is a general review concerning pharmaceutical analysis and some pharmaceutical preparations that are determined in this work such as antibiotics and antihistamines.

It also includes principles of some important analytical techniques that are used in this work such as spectrophotometry, flow injection analysis FIA, reversed FIA, and stopped FIA. Chapter Two: involves a batch and reversed-stop flow injection spectrophotometric determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in pharmaceutical formulations.

The methods were based on the oxidation of CAP with potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium.

The bluish-green colour (K2MnO4) formed, exhibits maximum absorption at a wavelength of 612nm.

In the batch method calibration graph was constructed in the range (0.5-16μg/ml) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9974 and detection limit of 0.3μg/ml. The reversed-stop flow injection analysis system was applied for determination of CAP.

The flow system was stopped for 5min.

after 45sec of injecting of KMnO4.

The calibration graph was linear under the optimum conditions in the range of (2-34μg/ml) with a detection limit of 1.0μg/ml, a correlation coefficient of 0.992 . The precision and accuracy of both methods were checked by calculation of relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (%E) for two different levels of concentrations. Chapter Three: includes three simple methods for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) in pharmaceutical formulations.

Essential parameters such as accuracy and precision were studied for all the methods by calculation of (RSD) and (%E) respectively. The first method involves a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure, in which PMH oxidized by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to give an active radical cation, which is coupled with p-aminohippuric acid (PAHA) to produce blue coloured compound having λmax of 598nm.

Beers law was obeyed over a concentration range 0.1-9μg/ml of PMH with correlation coefficient of 0.9969 and detection limit of 0.08μg/ml. The second method includes simple FI-spectrophotometric determination of PMH.

The method based on oxidative-coupling reaction between PMH and PAHA in the presence of NBS as an oxidizing agent.

Linear relation was obtained between absorbance (mV) and PMH concentration in the range of 1-20μg/ml with good correlation coefficient of 0.9974 and detection limit of 0.8μg/ml, with sampling rate of 72sample/h. In the third method a FI-spectrophotometric detection was developed for the determination of PMH based on the redox-complex formation reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline and ferric chloride in the presence of PMH, in which oxidation of drug with Fe(III) occurs.

The reduced Fe(II) subsequently reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline to produce an orange coloured tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) complex, which absorbs maximally at 511nm.

Linear relation in this case was obtained at concentration range of 0.4-16μg/ml, with correlation coefficient and detection limit of 0.9964 and 0.2μg/ml, respectively, and sampling rate of 42sample/h.

Main Subjects

Chemistry

Topics

• Inorganic acids

No. of Pages

99

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-311040