Chemical and antimicrobial studies of anchusa azurea mill

Other Title(s)

دراسة كيميائية و مايكروبية لنبات لسان الثور (Anchusa azurea Mill.)‎

Dissertant

Usw, Pishawa Shafiq

Thesis advisor

Husayn, Fayiq Hama Said

Comitee Members

Dizaye, Kawa Fariq
Sabir, Dlawar M.
Hawaiz, Faruq E.

University

Salahaddin University-Hawler

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Chemistry Department

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2011

English Abstract

The present study is to determine the chemical constituents and investigation the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Anchusa azurea Mill.

plant, which is naturally grown in Iraqi Kurdistan.

From a phytochemical point of view the species A.

azurea has been almost neglected so far and it was thus considered worthy of study. At first, the percentage of moisture and total ash were determined on the plant parts (seeds, leafs, stems and roots).

After that the concentration of twenty one elements was determined from thirty three elements in plant parts using ICP-OES.

The determined elements are: (Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, S, Al, Ba, B, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, Ti, V, Zn & Zr). Also the percentage of nitrogen (N) and crude protein (CP) were determined from the plant parts using micro-Kjeldahl method.

The highest level of N % and CP % were from leafs part (4.09 % and 25.56 %) respectively. In a parallel study the lipids were extracted from seeds and leafs of A.

azurea plant with petroleum ether, followed by CHCl3 and MeOH using soxhlet apparatus.

The lipid percentage from seeds and leafs were (7.03%) and (1.17%) respectively. Preliminary work on the first extract allowed for the isolation of a mixture of triglycerides, which were submitted to hydrolysis, followed by methylation of free fatty acids.

GC-MS analysis showed that the main components were oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, 11-eicosenoic, erucic and two ω-9 acids.

Totally the eleven fatty acids were analyzed from the seeds of the plant using GC-MS analysis On the other hand the flavonoids were extracted from aerial parts of the plant using EtOAc, amyl alcohol and n-BuOH after defatting the plant by n-hexane and removing the pigment by CHCl3. Simple TLC was used for preliminary detection of flavonoids from EtOAc, amyl alcohol and n-BuOH extracts. The residue obtained from evaporation of EtOAc extract was separated by reversed phase Medium Performance Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) to give a polar flavonoid.

Standard UV experiments allowed for the identification of the substitution pattern of the aglycone moiety, while different NMR spectra let us identify the sugar components and the interglycoside linkage.

The compound was eventually identified as kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside. The other part from this research is extraction of carbohydrates, tannins and alkaloids from the aerial parts of the plant. Finally, the antimicrobial activity was studied for some extracts of the plant.

It consist of two parts; the first part was antibacterial activity using four different bacteria (E.

coli, Staph.

aureus, Bacillus sp.

and Pseudo.

aeruginosa) via agar diffusion disc method, while the second part includes antifungal activity using two different fungi (Pencillium puberulum and Aspergillus flavus).

This study showed that some extracts have antimicrobial activity against both used bacteria and fungi.

Main Subjects

Chemistry

Topics

• Drugs

No. of Pages

93

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-311059