Hydrochemistry of some selected stations along Gali Ali Beg, Bekhal And Balakyan Tributaries, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Other Title(s)

هيدروكيميائية بعض المحطات المختارة على طول روافد كلي علي بك-بيخالوبالكيان، إقليم كردستان العراق

Dissertant

Mustafa, Avan Muhammad

Thesis advisor

Chnara, Marwan Akram Hamah Said

Comitee Members

al-Shamma, Aysar Muhammad
Hasan, Imad al-Din O.
Khan, Zirak A.

University

Salahaddin University-Hawler

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Geology Department

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2011

English Abstract

The study area is located at the northeastern part of the Erbil Governorate North east of Iraq between longitudes (28◦41 ◌ 6.453 ◌, 4◦ 7◌ 25.478 ◌ N) and latitude (81◦ 22 ◌, 33.505 ◌, 44◦ 35 ◌37 ◌ E).

Tectonically, the studied area is a part of high folded zone located within the Unstable shelf, lies within the Greater Zab River basin, the structure of the Greater Zab River basin is due to the tectonic movement of the Alpine Orogeny in Miocene-Pliocene age.

The main outcropping units in study area are composed of different geological rock units belonging to Jurassic to Paleocene Deposits.

The studied area is located within the climate of the mountainous region, which is wet in winter and dry in summer, influenced by the Mediterranean climatological system.

Meteorological calculations made for the period (2003-2010).

The average annual rainfall for the period (2003-2010) is 643.425 mm / year, relative humidity is 62.22 % the mean annual temperature is 18.4°C, average wind speed is 1.425 m / sec, average sunshine duration 7.62 hours and annual pan evaporation is 1516.94 Mm / year.

Potential evapotranspiration calculated by Thornthwaite, Blany-Kriddle, and Kharrufa methods are 1241.3 mm, 1812.4 mm, and 1996.36 mm respectively.

The water surplus and water deficit are 323.85 mm and 1676.8325 mm respectively The hydro chemical study which involved collection and analysis of water samples for 15 stations in two periods involves the major cations, anions and trace elements, the salinity, temperature, electrical conductivity, and pH.

The concentration of major ions decreases slightly in the wet season (April) due to excess rainfall which normally dilutes dissolved elements. Rock-forming minerals are the major sources of cations and anions.

The chemical relationships in Piper diagram, Chadha diagram, Schoeller diagram and Gibbs diagrams suggested that the waters mainly belong to Ca-HCO3 type, and are controlled by chemical weathering of rock-forming minerals.

Water samples were analyzed for trace elements; it is observed that all water samples are below the limits as prescribed by WHO (2006) for both periods.

All water samples are suitable for the different purposes including building, livestock, poultry, agricultural crops, irrigation and some industries; but there were some of water samples not suitable for drinking purposes.

Main Subjects

Earth Sciences, Water and Environment

Topics

• Iraq
• Hydrology
• Kurdistan(Iraq)

No. of Pages

129

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-311077