Effects of potassium and magnesium on some hemodynamic and renal function related parameters in rats with induced hypertension

Other Title(s)

تأثير البوتاسيوم و المغنيسيوم على بعض مقايس ديناميكية الدم و اختبارات المرتبطة بوظائف الكلية في الجرذان ذوات فرط ضغط الدم المستحدث

Dissertant

Uthman, Hawzhin Karim

Thesis advisor

Mahmud, Almas Muhammad Rashid

Comitee Members

Ismail, Nazim J.
Maulud, Ismail M.
Mirani, Salah al-Din M. A.
Kakei, Ismail Salih Ibrahim

University

Salahaddin University-Hawler

Faculty

College of Science

Department

Biology Department

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2011

English Abstract

In the present study, 104 male albino rats were used and they were divided into three experiments.

The first and second experiments were performed to test the effects of potassium, magnesium and their combination on serum aldosterone level, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR); renal function test parameters [creatinine, urea, uric acid, total protein, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), concentrations of chloride (Cl-), and urine Na+, K+, Mg2+ levels]; serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) and in unilateral nephrectomy with 4% NaCl enriched diet (UNx + NaCl) hypertensive rats, while, the third experiment was done on the normotensive rats measuring the same parameters mesured in the first and second experiments.

In the first experiment, hypertension was induced by renal artery constriction in 2K1C rats.

Systolic BP was measured by tail cuff plethysmography at the end of the experimental period.

In this experiment, renal artery constriction resulted in significant elevation in SBP.

Furthermore, serum levels of aldosterone, HR, serum MDA, Na+, Cl-, urine Na+ level creatinine, uric acid, urea were elevated significantly in 2K1C hypertensive rats, while, non-significant changes were observed in serum levels of NO, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and urine K+, Mg2+ levels, total protein and GFR compared with control rats.

On the other hand, administration of potassium decreased SBP significantly, serum level of aldosterone, HR, MDA, serum Na+, creatinine, uric acid and urea, while, serum levels of NO, K+ and urine Na+, K+ levels, GFR significantly increased compared with values in 2K1C hypertensive rats.

Moreover, renal artery constriction in 2K1C hypertensive rats had non-significant effect on serum levels of Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, total protein and urine Mg2+ levels..

Magnesium supplementation in 2K1C hypertensive rats caused significant decrease in SBP, serum aldosterone level, HR, serum MDA, Cl-, Ca2+, uric acid, urea and increased serum levels of NO, Mg2+ and urine Mg2+ levels compared with 2K1C hypertensive group.

On the other hand, statistical analysis showed non-significant differences in serum Na+, K+, urine Na+, K+ levels, creatinine, total protein and GFR in comparison to 2K1C hypertensive rats.

On the other hand, administration of potassium in combination with magnesium in 2K1C hypertensive rats caused significant decrease in SBP, serum aldosterone level, HR, serum MDA, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, creatinine, uric acid and urea and serum levels of NO, K+, Mg2+ and urine K+, Mg2+ levels and GFR were increased significantly, while, no significant difference recorded in urine Na+ levels and total protein compared all values with 2K1C hypertensive rats.

In the second experiment hypertension was induced by unilateral nephrectomy with 4% NaCl enriched diet ((UNx + NaCl)) for four weeks.

Uninephectomy with 4% NaCl treatment caused a significant increase in systolic BP, serum levels of aldosterone, HR, serum MDA, Na+, Cl- serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, while, serum levels of NO and GFR were decreased significantly, furthermore, UNx+ NaCl group showed non-significant differences in serum levels of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, urine Na+, K+ and Mg2+ levels and total protein compared with control animals.

The increases in SBP were reduced by dietary potassium administration in UNx + NaCl rats.

Also, potassium significantly decreased serum level of aldosterone, HR, serum MDA, Na+, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, while, UNx + NaCl along with potassium treatment significantly decreased serum levels of NO, K+, urine Na+, K+ levels and GFR, while, UNx + NaCl rats showed no significant change in serum Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, urine Mg2+ levels and total protein recorded in comparison to UNx + NaCl hypertensive rats.

Dietary administration of magnesium significantly decreased systolic BP, serum aldosterone, HR, serum MDA, Cl-, Ca2+, uric acid and urea, on the other hand, magnesium increased serum NO, Mg2+ levels urine Mg2+ levels, while, non-significant changes in serum Na+, K+, urine K+ levels, creatinine, total protein and GFR were recorded in comparison with UNx + NaCl rats.

Co-administration of potassium and magnesium in UNx + NaCl hypertensive rats prevented increase in systolic BP, aldosterone level, HR, serum MDA, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, creatinine, uric acid and urea levels, and, serum levels of NO, K+, Cl-, Mg2+ and GFR were increased significantly, while, non-significant change recorded in total protein compared with control rats.

In the third experiment, dietary supplementation of potassium significantly decreased systolic BP, HR, serum Na+, while, serum levels of aldosterone, NO, K+, Cl-, urine Na+ and K+ levels increased significantly, on the other hand, serum MDA, Mg2+, Ca2+, and urinary levels of Mg2+, creatinine, uric acid, urea and total protein and GFR showed non-significant difference compared with control group.

Magnesium supplementation caused non-significant effect on SBP, while, it decreased the HR, serum MDA, serum Ca2+ and serum levels of Cl-, Mg2+ and urine Mg2+ levels increased, moreover, serum levels of NO, creatinine, uric acid, urea, GFR and serum Na+, K+, urinary levels of Na+ and K+ did not change significantly compare all with control group.

Co-administration of potassium and magnesium caused significant reduction in SBP, HR, serum MDA, Ca2+, while, non-significant change was noticed in serum Na+, creatinine, uric acid, urea, total protein and GFR, whereas, serum levels of K+, Cl-, Mg2+ and urine Na+, K+, Mg2+ levels were increased significantly in comparison with control animals.

Main Subjects

Biology

Topics

• Hypertension
• Potassium
• Magnesium

No. of Pages

163

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-311078