Amount of bone loss after maxillary dental implant loading in smoker and non-smoker patients

Abstract EN

Background : Excessive crestal bone loss after dental implant occurs due to many factors among which, is smoking.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and role of smoking in breakdown of bone around dental implant and the possibility to be a factor of its failure. Method : Forty implants had been inserted in anterior and bicuspid region of upper arch of 40 systemically healthy male subjects, 20 were smokers and the other 20 subjects were non smokers.

After loading the prosthesis, all subjects were followed by clinical (checking for any mobility or gingival change) and radiographic examination for two successive 6 months periods (the overall follow up period was 1 year).

Mesial and distal bone levels were measured by digitized x ray each six months in both smokers and non smokers.

All measurements were recorded for each patient and a comparison of marginal bone level was done. Results : A marked excessive marginal bone loss was found at mesial side of smokers, mean (1.18± 0.033) mm after 6 months of loading and mean of (1.52 ± 0.052) mm after 1 year, while in non smoker group, the mean of mesial bone loss after 6 months was (0.85 ± 0.026) mm and (1.12 ± 0.031) mm after 1 year.

The mean distal bone loss in smokers at the two periods was (1.23 ± 0.04) mm and (1.59 ± 0.046) mm, while in non smokers, the mean distal bone loss was (0.87 ± 0.023) mm and (1.1 ± 0.029) mm respectively.

Differences in all measurements were significant P < 0.001. Conclusion : Smoking could be a factor results in future implant failure