An evaluation study of the renal system in patients with beta thalassemia

Abstract EN

Beta-thalassemia is a hemolytic anemia of genetic origin, it results from a decreased or absent synthesis of beta globin chains that normally constitute a part of the adult hemoglobin (HbA, which is α2β2).

This genetic defect will lead to a compensatory ineffective erythropoiesis, severe anemia, and increased erythrocytes turnover.

Thalassemia syndrome is usually accompanied by a wide spectrum of complications arising from the disease itself as well as the methods used to alleviate it.

This study aims to investigate the presence of renal dysfunctions in children and adolescent with transfusion dependent (TD) βT, without any overt renal diseases, using both conventional and early markers of glomerular and tubular dysfunctions this will help the medical staff for proper management with less morbidity and mortality.

This study were lasted from (February till September / 2011) conducted in the Heriditary Bleeding Disorders Center in Hilla city, on (Eighty one) β-thalassemic patients who enrolled in this work and control group include (twenty) apparently healthy subjects.

Patients in this study were divided in to three groups according to the age : group І was(3-10)years, group Π was(11-18)years and group ΠІ was(19-25)years and healthy subjects with an age range (3-25) years.

Result shows significant increase of serum creatinine, serum urea and serum uric acid in patient groups compared with control group (p˂0.05).

However, significant increase was observed in group ΠІ than those of group І as comparison between the patient groups (p ≥ 0.05).

The present study found that urinary NAG were highly significant increase of NAG in urine samples of Patients groups in comparison with control group at (p ≥ 0.01) , this increment will be concomitantly with aging of age group(p ≥ 0.05).

As it appear as early detection markers of tubular damage.

Lastly hematuria in all of patient studied groups were 22 (27.5 %), pyurea were28 (34 %) and protein urea were 20(24.69%) demonstrated that in patients with beta thalassemia, hematuria is more common in older age groups.

Furthermore, protein urea and pyurea seems to be a common accompanying finding in patients with beta-thalassemia.

The changes in data that showed in this study with β-thalassemia patients may refer to a multiple renal abnormalities with progression of the age and that’s may be due to multiple blood transfusion, iron overload or chelation therapy.