Avian influenza (H9N2)‎ outbreak in Iraq

Abstract EN

An outbreak of avian influenza (AI) (H9N2) occurred in broiler, layers and breeder chicken farms in Iraq during 2004-2007.

Mortality between 30% and 70% in broilers and 5% and 10% in layers and breeders were commonly observed on the affected farms.

Mixed infections of the influenza virus with other respiratory pathogens particularly Newcastle Disease (ND) virus and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) virus were thought to be responsible for such high mortality.

ELISA test was used to detect ND, AI and IB antibodies.

Clinical signs included , decrease feed consumption, swelling of the face and typical severe respiratory signs.

Gross lesions included extensive hyperemia of the respiratory system, cheesy exudates in the tracheal bifurcation extending into the secondary bronchi, hyperemia and hemorrhagic ulcers in the proventriculus and intestine.