الأدب السياسي البغدادي في القرن التاسع عشر : دراسة مقارنة

Abstract EN

Literature historians and researchers almost agree that literature is a product of the environment and it is the product of interaction of events and it affected by the direction of that environment and then the literature affects the its environment and the modern science confirms this fact until make the environment competes hereditary factor in its effect because that each environment has its characteristics which affect the literature and leaves its effect on it and even when a writer exaggerate in its monopolize and tyranny of selfin its literature, he cannot be away from affection by including around of literature because the literature is the mirror that reflects aspects of the environment.

In other words, literature is expression of aspects of the life inside the writer and influential circumstances and the English pundit Taine (1828-1893) directed to remove individualism in literature and stated that its causes is sex, environment and epoch.

Through our study to literature of Iraqi cities in nineteenth century we found that the literature was affected by the nature of life and the type of the environment in these cities and we found that each city was distinguished by a type of literature or by type of poetry differs from that on another city according to its political, social and cultural circumstances.

To clarify, we find the political literature and its size particularly in Baghdad more than in the other Iraqi cities that well known by poetry and its abundance and maturity the cities are Najaf, Hila and Mosel because these cities was the main source of Iraqi poetry in nineteenth century.