Periodontal health status and salivary enzymes level in smokers and non-smokers : comparative, cross sectional study
Joint Authors
Source
Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry
Issue
Vol. 25, Issue 3 (30 Sep. 2013), pp.91-96, 6 p.
Publisher
University of Baghdad College of Dentistry
Publication Date
2013-09-30
Country of Publication
Iraq
No. of Pages
6
Main Subjects
Topics
Abstract EN
Investigations regarding the association between smoking and periodontal disease have consistently demonstrated negative periodontal effects and greater probabilities of established periodontal disease among smokers in comparison with non smokers.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on periodontal health status and on the salivary levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), and to correlate the clinical parameters of periodontal health with the biochemical findings in smokers and non-smokers.
Materials and methods: Unstimulated saliva sample was collected from 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers for biochemical analysis of salivary enzymes.
Periodontal parameters including: plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded.
Results: statistical analysis revealed that ALP in saliva was significantly higher in smoker than the non smoker group and there was a highly significant difference in the salivary LDH and CK levels between smokers and non-smokers groups.
Plaque index (PLI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were higher in smokers compared with non smokers, while there was decrease in the number of bleeding sites.
Conclusions: smokers group revealed more periodontal tissue destruction than non-smokers group represented by deeper pockets and more clinical attachment level.
Salivary enzymes (ALP, LDH and CK) are considered as good biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and can be used to evaluate the effect of smoking on periodontal health status
American Psychological Association (APA)
Karim, Ban& Ibrahim, Laqqa M.. 2013. Periodontal health status and salivary enzymes level in smokers and non-smokers : comparative, cross sectional study. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry،Vol. 25, no. 3, pp.91-96.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-353019
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Karim, Ban& Ibrahim, Laqqa M.. Periodontal health status and salivary enzymes level in smokers and non-smokers : comparative, cross sectional study. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry Vol. 25, no. 3 (Sep. 2013), pp.91-96.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-353019
American Medical Association (AMA)
Karim, Ban& Ibrahim, Laqqa M.. Periodontal health status and salivary enzymes level in smokers and non-smokers : comparative, cross sectional study. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2013. Vol. 25, no. 3, pp.91-96.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-353019
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes appendices : p. 95-96
Record ID
BIM-353019