Evaluation of drinking water and waste water quality in Khartoum State

Dissertant

Bashir, Lina Mahjub Ali

Thesis advisor

Muhammad, Haja Usman

University

Omdurman Islamic University

Faculty

Unesco Chair in Water Resources

University Country

Sudan

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2008

English Abstract

This study was conducted in Khartoum metropolitan which is divided in three towns, Khartoum, Khartoum north and Omdurman.

The study area is confined between latitudes 15° 30´ and 16° 00´ N.

and longitudes 32° 35´ and 32° 22´E.The elevation at the confluence is about 380m.above the sea level. The field work for collecting water samples was conducted in two stages, the dry season and the wet season. Most of the people in Khartoum metropolitan believe that the problems of some disease area caused from drinking water thus, the selection of samples sites for the dry season based on drinking water from various sources such as surface water, wells, hand pumps and haffirs as well some selected areas for waste water discharges.

The waste water discharges include liquid discharge from treatment plant, industrial and commercial sites as well liquid waste from drainage channels collecting the rain and urban run off.

Similarly, all sites of the dry season, including samples from net work distribution were samples accept for waste water discharges. The main objectives of this research are to assess the quality of drinking water for different sources and to evaluate the impacts of liquid waste disposal to the surrounding environment resulting for daily population activities.

To assess water tap and to compare it with the source.

Also to assess the impacts of liquid wastes dumping in the Nile river and its triturates. The physical, chemical and biological analyses for drinking water quality were conducted in three laboratories UNESCO Chair, Sudanese standard (SSMO), Khartoum Water Corporation.

The heavy metals were carried out in Khartoum University Central laboratory.

The radio active metal were analyzed in Institute for Radiation Safety laboratory .The pesticides and herbicides were analyzed in Stack laboratories.

The waste water was analyzed in Environmental and Structural Testing Center laboratories.

The results of chemical and biological analysis of the drinking water in the dry season revealed that some parameters exceeded the Sudanese standard (SSMO) and WHO guide line as Rd, Mg, Fe, So4, odour and turbidity and total bacterial count.

For the waste there are some parameters exceeded the standard of Environmental and Structural Testing Center laboratories such as,Ph,TDS,SO4 and TSS. In the wet season, some physical, chemical results exceeded the WHO guide line and SSMO, such odour, turbidity, Fe, Mg, Rd, BOD .In ELGeili Abu Telih AS exceeded WHO Guidelines and local standard (SSMO), as well H2s exceeded the both standards, in ALsabaloga cataract.

The biological results showed that the total bacterial count, E-Coli and total coli form exceeded both standards of WHO and SSMO. A digital map with attributes of physical, chemical and biological data analysis was produced using GIS soft ware and lithological map (geology and soil) using GOCAD program.

This study revealed hat there are some differences in the results, thus it's recommended this problem should be solved.

Periodical testing for chemical and microbiology for surface and ground water should be conducted.

It is advised to control and asses the impacts of liquid waste disposal on the water surface from industries.

Establishment of Sudanese guide line standards for liquid waste dumping.

Establish sewage collection net work to minimize pollution of ground water.

Main Subjects

Earth Sciences, Water and Environment

Topics

• Water
• Sudan
• Khartoum

No. of Pages

169

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-362711