Extraction, formulation and evaluation of Terminalia brownii bark extract as tablet dosage form
Dissertant
Maad, Abd Allah Hamid Muhammad
Thesis advisor
al-Tuhami, Mahjub Sharif
Abd al-Karim, Abd al-Karim Muhammad
University
Omdurman Islamic University
Faculty
Faculty of Pharmacy
University Country
Sudan
Degree
Master
Degree Date
2012
English Abstract
-Over the years there have been alarming reports of multiple drug resistance in medically important strains of bacteria and fungi.
Many published reports have shown the effectiveness of traditional herbs against microorganisms.
Most of those herbs were used in traditional medicine in traditional dosage forms which have many disadvantages, and can be corrected by selecting suitable pharmaceutical dosage form to make them more safe, effective, stable, controlled and can easily be transported. Terminalia brownii is a popular medicinal plant; its bark has long been used in Sudanese traditional medicine for the treatment of cough and bronchitis in east and west Sudan. The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate an appropriate pharmaceutical dosage form from the extract of Terminalia brownii bark using a suitable pharmaceutical manufacturing method, to be used in the future as a broad spectrum antimicrobial drug. To achieve this aim, Terminalia brownii bark was subjected to various methods of extraction (Maceration, Soxhlet, Infusion and Decoction) using different solvents (chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water).
Six extracts from the 12 obtained extracts were selected to evaluate their antimicrobial activity in-vitro.
The phytochemical screening tests were carried out on the 70% ethanolic extract obtained by maceration, to determine the major components found in the extract.
The ethanolic extract was formulated as tablets.
The manufactured tablets were then evaluated using quality control tests (weight variation, hardness, friability, diameter, thickness, disintegration and dissolution).
The manufactured tablets were subjected to accelerated stability study. From the obtained results, the 70% ethanolic extract was considered the most suitable extract for biological, economical and pharmaceutical reasons.
The ethanolic extract showed high antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms, especially those microbes affecting the respiratory tract such as the gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and the gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and the fungi (Candida albicans and Aspirgillus niger).
The phytochemical screening results revealed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins, Coumarins, Sterols and Triterpenes, while Alkaloids, Anthraquenones and Cyanogenic glycosides were absent. The results of preformulation tests of the powder mixture (extract and excipients) showed that the ethanolic extract of Terminalia brownii bark can be successfully formulated as Tablets using direct compression method.
Four formulations were prepared, and all the formulations contained the same excipients but differed in disintegrating agent.
The results of quality control tests for all formulations were found within the acceptable limits and conformed to those given in the Pharmacopeia (USP 2008, BP 2007).
The second formula showed faster disintegration time (91 sec).
The third formula showed relatively higher dissolution profile (98.97%).
All the formulations could be considered stable even after keeping in stress accelerated conditions for three months. Finally, according to its excellent results in the quality control tests in addition to its relatively low cost, the third formula was considered the most suitable formula to replace the traditional dosage form used of Terminalia brownii bark.
These results obtained in the current study suggest that the ethanolic extract of Terminalia brownii bark revealed a significant scope to develop a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal herbal formulations.
Main Subjects
Topics
No. of Pages
141
Table of Contents
Table of contents.
Abstract.
Chapter One : Introduction and literature review.
Chapter Two : Aims, objectives, and scope.
Chapter Three : Experimental materials and methods.
Chapter Four : Results.
Chapter Five : Discussion.
Chapter Six : Conclusion and recommendation.
References.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Maad, Abd Allah Hamid Muhammad. (2012). Extraction, formulation and evaluation of Terminalia brownii bark extract as tablet dosage form. (Master's theses Theses and Dissertations Master). Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-364224
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Maad, Abd Allah Hamid Muhammad. Extraction, formulation and evaluation of Terminalia brownii bark extract as tablet dosage form. (Master's theses Theses and Dissertations Master). Omdurman Islamic University. (2012).
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-364224
American Medical Association (AMA)
Maad, Abd Allah Hamid Muhammad. (2012). Extraction, formulation and evaluation of Terminalia brownii bark extract as tablet dosage form. (Master's theses Theses and Dissertations Master). Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-364224
Language
English
Data Type
Arab Theses
Record ID
BIM-364224
