Pharmacological investigation of the hematologic and protective effects of gum Arabic using wistar albino rats

Dissertant

al-Darbi, Mahmud Abd Allah Muhammad Ali

Thesis advisor

Muhammad, Abd al-Wahhab Hasan

University

Omdurman Islamic University

Faculty

Faculty of Pharmacy

University Country

Sudan

Degree

Ph.D.

Degree Date

2011

English Abstract

-Gum Arabic (GA) is a water-soluble polysaccharide dietary fiber, obtained from stems of Acacia senegal trees as gummy exudates which is abundant in Sudan and it is metabolized in the colon by normal flora into volatile fatty acids.

Pharmacologically, GA may produce a prebiotic effect in humans also it is a beneficial adjunct to the low-protein diet for chronic renal failure patient because it reduces serum urea nitrogen level.

GA has proabsorptive properties and It increases water and electrolyte absorption, so that it could be a good additive to the oral rehydration solutions in patients suffering from diarrhea.

Some studies suggest that GA ingestion can reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations in rats.

Also GA enhances dental remineralization, and has some antimicrobial activity.

GA has been claimed to act as an anti-oxidant Aim of study: The purpose of the present study was to investigate new effect of GA on the hematological parameters and the potential protective effect against experimental hepato-, nephro-, and cardiotoxicity in Wistar albino rats .

Study design: For the study of hematological and coagulative effect, albino rats were randomly allotted into four experimental groups, one group as control and three groups of six rats each, given different doses of gum arabic 3,6 and 10g/Kg body weight orally for four weeks.

At the end of the study, Blood was collected for determination of the count of RBCs, WBCs and PLT and the hemaglobin, hemotacrit, MCV,MCH and MCHC.

PT and aPTT and bleeding time(BT) were determined for measuring coagulative effect of GA in another study.

In the study of protective effect of GA, the rats were divided into three groups, the first for hepatoprotective effect, the second for nephroprotective effect and third experiment for cardioprotective effect, twenty rats each, that furtherly allotted into four sub-groups of five rats each, the first group served as a control , the second group intoxicated, the third group dosed orally GA prior intoxication while the fourth group received only GA.

At the end of study the rats killed and the blood was collected and organs were isolated and preserved for biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

Results: Hematological experiments showed significant (P˂0.05) increase in HGB in 6 and 10g/Kg body weight GA-treated rats to 13.94±0.28 and 13.90±0.12 g/dl respectively and the MCHC of all rats were significantly increased compared with the control.

In the coagulative experiment, The BT of rats treated with all concentrations of GA were significantly prolonged to 6.65± 0.47, 6.17±0.68 and 4.69 ±0.26 min.

while The PT of 10 g/Kg GA-treated rats were significantly prolonged to 27.75±1.8 sec.

The hepatoprotective experiment showed that the serum levels of ALP and ALT were significantly elevated to 155.50±7.87 and 208.00±62.43 IU/dl respectively in CCl4 treated rats Pretreatment of rats with GA decreased significantly in the plasma levels of ALP and ALT to 114.00±5.72 and 117.33±8.72 IU/dl respectively compared with the CCl4-treated group.

In addition, the serum total bilirubin was significantly reduced to 0.25±0.04 mg/dl in GA-only treated rats.

In nephroprotective experiment, significant elevation in BUN and UA and CREA level to 21.8±0.58, 5.24±0.23 and 0.78±0.04 mg/dl respectively in GM-only treated rats.

All renal function parameters were significantly reduced in pretreated rats with GA prior GM administration.

In GA-only treated rats, UA increased to 2.46±0.18 mg/dl and CREA decreased to 0.12±0.02 mg/dl significantly compared with the control.

In cardioprotective experiment, the level of CK, LDH and ALT were increased significantly to 91.25±12.60 IU/dl, 208.20±12.67IU/dl and 43.20±6.24IU/dl respectively in DOX-only treated rats.

In DOX-elevated CK, LDH, AST and ALT rats, they were reduced significantly to 55.60±16.46, 193.2±6.49, 32.00±1.87 and 34.50±4.09 IU/dl respectively when the rats pretreated with GA for four weeks. Discussion: In this study, the rats treated with 6 and 10g/Kg of GA for four weeks showed significant increase in HGB and MCHC levels which supporting by previous studies.

The present study identified GA coagulation system inhibitory effect as it exerted a dose dependent increase in PT and BT in albino Wistar rats.

However, its mechanism of action on blood coagulation is at present uncertain, but in previous study, the most related this effect scavenging of free radicals, which result in vasodilatation.

GA possesses significant antioxidant potential as shown by previous studies , thus the protective effect was undertaken.

The biochemical results showed that GA is a good hepato-, nephro- and cardioprotective agent and these findings were supported by histopathological examination of tissues isolated from different organs. Conclusions and Recommendations: Gum arabic is a useful dietary fiber for anemic patients such as those of chronic renal failure patients, also GA has coagulation system inhibitory property but more studies are needed for elucidation of the mechanism of this inhibition and investigation of the effect of GA on other coagulation parameters such as platelet aggregation.

Moreover, The present study rvealed the potential hepato-, nephro- and cardioprotective effect of GA but further confirmatory studies are required.

Main Subjects

Pharmacology

Topics

• Diseases
• Internal medicine
• Blood
• Hematology
• Gum arabic

No. of Pages

123

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-364471