Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy; maternal & prenatal outcome

Abstract EN

This is a case-control comparative study carried out over the period (July 2007-July 2008) to identify the frequent type of D.M., analyze demographic features of diabetic cases as well as to identify maternal, fetal & neonatal complications of D.M.

during pregnancy.

This study included 160 diabetic pregnant women as (cases) compared to 180 nondiabetic pregnant women as (control) who were admitted to three known hospitals with obstetrical & Gynecology department during same period of study.

Such controls had approximated age & parity to that of cases.

Type 2 DM was the commonest type among cases who tend to be more advanced in their age with higher BMI compared to controls.

Three major risk factors that predispose to develop GDM were family history of type 2 or GDM, advanced maternal age & obesity.

Diabetic pregnancy was more likely complicated by abortions, hypertensive disorders, polyhydramnious and preterm delivery with high C/S rate as well as P.P.H.

& birth tract injury in comparison to controls.

Cephalo-pelvic disproportion consequent to macrosomia was main indication for C/S in diabetic cases in whom not only macrosomic newborns were more but also stillbirth rate was higher with lower Apgar score & more admission to NICU.

Diabetic newborns were more likely to be affected by RDS, hypoglycemia & congenital malformation.

In conclusion, D.M.

is a major medical disorder that exhibit burden on health of both mother & fetus with high maternal morbidity, prenatal & neonatal morbidity & mortality.