مفهوم الظلم عند العثمانيين

Abstract EN

This study deals with the development of agriculture through the centuries, regarding the methods of irrigation, through the centuries, soil improvement, types of agricultural produce...etc.

The study also discussed the role of fanners under large estates owners.

It also showed the methods used for irrigation and the problems resulting from these methods, and the solutions used to deal with them, as stated in al -Nawazel al-Fiqhiyya, which discussed these issues.