Biochemical study of some minerals concentration in drinking water and renal calculi in Khartoum State

Dissertant

Mustafa, Taj el-sier al-Abd

Thesis advisor

Musa, Izz al-Din Umar

University

Omdurman Islamic University

Faculty

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

Department

Department of Biochemistry

University Country

Sudan

Degree

Master

Degree Date

2012

English Abstract

There were 17 samples of water being collected from different areas and locations in Khartoum province from November 2010 to February 2011 ; 5 samples of Nile water ,5 samples of wells ,5 samples of mixed and 2 samples of sea water.

Analysis were carried out to determine the concentration of sodium element, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, iron and sulfur, by using ;flame photometer, I.

C.

P and gravimetric method.

the obtained data were compared with some international organizations references ; such as WHO, Indian, Pakistan standard, International Bottled Water Association (IBWS), and others water monitoring agencies.

If we compare this results of sodium with standard level (200ppm), we can conclude that slight different between wells and Nile water is existing.

The concentration sodium was relatively high in wells, but Nile water and mixed water were within the permissible limits-200 pp.m- except sea water.

There were clear differences between the levels of Potassium in samples.

Nile water and mixed water contains acceptable levels and wells has slight less than standard which is (1 to 8 mg / l).

There were no apparent difference between the level of magnesium in wells and mixed, but Nile's water has slight low level, if we compared the results with standard-(30 to 100 mg / L).

Regarding phosphate there were slight differences among Nile's water and mixed water, wells water and sea water were relatively low all samples were within acceptable limit (5 mg / l as safe level).

In respect of iron concentrations there were slight differences between Nile water, wells and sea water but mixed water was more concentrated , all levels conform of safe criteria (0.3 to 1 mg / L).

Relevant to the concentration of sulfate the Nile and mixed water were containing acceptable level of sulfate ,however, wells were low in sulfate.

Nile water, mixed, wells except sea water were less than acceptable (250 mg / l).

we conclude that drinking water it is not main reason for stones formation.

Kidney stones (calculi) were collected and chemical analysis were carried for these stone, showing that calcium oxalate constitute more than 65 % of renal calculi ; calcium phosphate about 8 %.

Stones made of magnesium and ammonia 10 -15 % of kidney calculi.

Cysteine stones were 1 % of total stones.

The obtained data from experiments showed that our results were within the international range.

30 samples of blood serum were collected from stones patients and chemical analysis were carried using Na / K analyzer.

Chemical analysis were carried out for calcium and phosphate in blood serum using auto analyzer.

The results of Na+, K+ were within the standard range commonly.

The result of calcium, phosphate were 5 % + ve or–ve which are agreeable.

Renal profile tests were carried out for 16 samples patients (kidney and urinary tract stones ), serum urea, creatinine, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), Na +, K + and sometime the test including calcium and phosphate were carried out.

Liver investigation tests include, total protein, serum albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, ALP (alkaline phosphatase ), ALT (alanine transaminase) or Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and AST (aspartate transaminase or glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase.

We can conclude that the disorder in kidney profile test or liver function tests, the presence of renal calculi were from food, and water mineral may affect partially but the results of food metabolism is more significantly.

Main Subjects

Chemistry

Topics

• Drinking water
• Sudan
• Khartoum

No. of Pages

103

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-392981