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Effects of Combined Opioids on Pain and Mood in Mammals
Joint Authors
Briggs, Shannon L.
Mokler, David J.
Rech, Richard H.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-03-21
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
The authors review the opioid literature for evidence of increased analgesia and reduced adverse side effects by combining mu-opioid-receptor (MOR) agonists, kappa-opioid-receptor (KOR) agonists, and nonselective low-dose-opioid antagonists (LD-Ant).
We tested fentanyl (MOR agonist) and spiradoline (KOR agonist), singly and combined, against somatic and visceral pain models.
Combined agonists induced additive analgesia in somatic pain and synergistic analgesia in visceral pain.
Other investigators report similar effects and reduced tolerance and dependence with combined MOR agonist and KOR agonist.
LD-Ant added to either a MOR agonist or KOR agonist markedly enhanced analgesia of either agonist.
In accordance with other place-conditioning (PC) studies, our PC investigations showed fentanyl-induced place preference (CPP) and spiradoline-induced place aversion (CPA).
We reduced fentanyl CPP with a low dose of spiradoline and reduced spiradoline CPA with a low dose of fentanyl.
We propose combined MOR agonist, KOR agonist, and LD-Ant to produce superior analgesia with reduced adverse side effects, particularly for visceral pain.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Rech, Richard H.& Mokler, David J.& Briggs, Shannon L.. 2012. Effects of Combined Opioids on Pain and Mood in Mammals. Pain Research and Treatment،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-449359
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Rech, Richard H.…[et al.]. Effects of Combined Opioids on Pain and Mood in Mammals. Pain Research and Treatment No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-449359
American Medical Association (AMA)
Rech, Richard H.& Mokler, David J.& Briggs, Shannon L.. Effects of Combined Opioids on Pain and Mood in Mammals. Pain Research and Treatment. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-449359
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-449359