Review of Ni-Cu Based Front Side Metallization for c-Si Solar Cells

Joint Authors

Solanki, Chetan S.
Raval, Mehul C.

Source

Journal of Solar Energy

Issue

Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-20, 20 p.

Publisher

Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Publication Date

2013-11-21

Country of Publication

Egypt

No. of Pages

20

Main Subjects

Mechanical Engineering

Abstract EN

Given the high percentage of metal cost in cell processing and concerns due to increasing Ag prices, alternative metallization schemes are being considered.

Ni-Cu based front side metallization offers potential advantages of finer grid lines, lower series resistance, and reduced costs.

A brief overview of various front side patterning techniques is presented.

Subsequently, working principle of various plating techniques is discussed.

For electroless plated Ni seed layer, fill factor values nearing 80% and efficiencies close to 17.5% have been demonstrated, while for Light Induced Plating deposited layers, an efficiency of 19.2% has been reported.

Various methods for qualifying adhesion and long term stability of metal stack are discussed.

Adhesion strengths in the range of 1–2.7 N/mm have been obtained for Ni-Cu contacts tabbed with conventional soldering process.

Given the significance of metallization properties, different methods for characterization are outlined.

The problem of background plating for Ni-Cu based metallization along with the various methods for characterization is summarized.

An economic evaluation of front side metallization indicates process cost saving of more than 50% with Ni-Cu-Sn based layers.

Recent successful commercialization and demonstration of Ni-Cu based metallization on industrial scale indicate a potential major role of Ni-Cu based contacts in near future.

American Psychological Association (APA)

Raval, Mehul C.& Solanki, Chetan S.. 2013. Review of Ni-Cu Based Front Side Metallization for c-Si Solar Cells. Journal of Solar Energy،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-452635

Modern Language Association (MLA)

Raval, Mehul C.& Solanki, Chetan S.. Review of Ni-Cu Based Front Side Metallization for c-Si Solar Cells. Journal of Solar Energy No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-452635

American Medical Association (AMA)

Raval, Mehul C.& Solanki, Chetan S.. Review of Ni-Cu Based Front Side Metallization for c-Si Solar Cells. Journal of Solar Energy. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-452635

Data Type

Journal Articles

Language

English

Notes

Includes bibliographical references

Record ID

BIM-452635