Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on Surface Water Nitrate Levels within a Kenyan Tea Plantation

Abstract EN

Tea production in the Kenyan Rift Valley uses high rates of nitrogenous fertilizer.

Nitrates can be discharged to water bodies through leaching and surface run-off.

Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L NO3-–N cause methemoglobinemia which is fatal.

A study to monitor changes in surface water nitrate levels was carried out in ten rivers within a Kenyan tea plantation for three years.

Water samples were obtained before and after fertilizer application in 2004, 2005, and 2006.

Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-–N) was determined colorimetrically by the cadmium reduction method using HACH-DR 2400 dataloging spectrophotometer.

For the three years, the highest nitrate-nitrogen levels were in river Temochewa in 2005 during the first fertilizer applications (4.9 mg/L to 8.2 mg/L).

There was no established trend between surface water nitrate levels and the time of fertilizer applications; however, fertilizer application contributed to an increase in nitrate levels.

The initial nitrate-nitrogen levels in most of the rivers were high, indicating that contamination could have been upstream; hence, further research is required to establish this.

Nitrogen-nitrogen levels in the three years were below the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L NO3-–N; however, the rivers should be monitored frequently.