TLR4 and Insulin Resistance
Joint Authors
Source
Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Issue
Vol. 2010, Issue 2010 (31 Dec. 2010), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2010-08-10
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Chronic inflammation is a key feature of insulin resistance and obesity.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), involved in modulating innate immunity, is an important mediator of insulin resistance and its comorbidities.
TLR4 contributes to the development of insulin resistance and inflammation through its activation by elevated exogenous ligands (e.g., dietary fatty acids and enteric lipopolysaccharide) and endogenous ligands (e.g., free fatty acids) which are elevated in obese states.
TLR4, expressed in insulin target tissues, activates proinflammatory kinases JNK, IKK, and p38 that impair insulin signal transduction directly through inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) on serine residues.
TLR4 activation also leads to increased transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, resulting in elevation of cytokine, chemokine, reactive oxygen species, and eicosanoid levels that promote further insulin-desensitization within the target cell itself and in other cells via paracrine and systemic effects.
Increased understanding of cell type-specific TLR4-mediated effects on insulin action present the opportunity and challenge of developing related therapeutic approaches for improving insulin sensitivity while preserving innate immunity.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Kim, Jane J.& Sears, Dorothy D.. 2010. TLR4 and Insulin Resistance. Gastroenterology Research and Practice،Vol. 2010, no. 2010, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-454939
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Kim, Jane J.& Sears, Dorothy D.. TLR4 and Insulin Resistance. Gastroenterology Research and Practice No. 2010 (2010), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-454939
American Medical Association (AMA)
Kim, Jane J.& Sears, Dorothy D.. TLR4 and Insulin Resistance. Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2010. Vol. 2010, no. 2010, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-454939
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-454939