Anemia in Heart Failure Patients
Joint Authors
Alexandrakis, Michael G.
Tsirakis, George
Source
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-9, 9 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-03-25
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
9
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Heart failure is a very common disease, with severe morbidity and mortality, and a frequent reason of hospitalization.
Anemia and a concurrent renal impairment are two major risk factors contributing to the severity of the outcome and consist of the cardio renal anemia syndrome.
Anemia in heart failure is complex and multifactorial.
Hemodilution, absolute or functional iron deficiency, activation of the inflammatory cascade, and impaired erythropoietin production and activity are some pathophysiological mechanisms involved in anemia of the heart failure.
Furthermore other concomitant causes of anemia, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and chemotherapy, may worsen the outcome.
Based on the pathophysiology of cardiac anemia, there are several therapeutic options that may improve hemoglobin levels, tissues’ oxygenation, and probably the outcome.
These include administration of iron, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and blood transfusions but still the evidence provided for their use remains limited.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Alexandrakis, Michael G.& Tsirakis, George. 2012. Anemia in Heart Failure Patients. ISRN Hematology،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-457044
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Alexandrakis, Michael G.& Tsirakis, George. Anemia in Heart Failure Patients. ISRN Hematology No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-457044
American Medical Association (AMA)
Alexandrakis, Michael G.& Tsirakis, George. Anemia in Heart Failure Patients. ISRN Hematology. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-457044
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-457044