Cytokines : The Future of Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants
Joint Authors
Staats, Herman F.
Thompson, Afton L.
Source
Clinical and Developmental Immunology
Issue
Vol. 2011, Issue 2011 (31 Dec. 2011), pp.1-17, 17 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2011-07-31
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
17
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Due to its potential as an effective, needle-free route of immunization for use with subunit vaccines, nasal immunization continues to be evaluated as a route of immunization in both research and clinical studies.
However, as with other vaccination routes, subunit vaccines often require the addition of adjuvants to induce potent immune responses.
Unfortunately, many commonly used experimental vaccine adjuvants, such as cholera toxin and E.
coli heat-labile toxin, are too toxic for use in humans.
Because new adjuvants are needed, cytokines have been evaluated for their ability to provide effective adjuvant activity when delivered by the nasal route in both animal models and in limited human studies.
It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the potential of cytokines as nasal vaccine adjuvants.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Thompson, Afton L.& Staats, Herman F.. 2011. Cytokines : The Future of Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants. Clinical and Developmental Immunology،Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-460677
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Thompson, Afton L.& Staats, Herman F.. Cytokines : The Future of Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants. Clinical and Developmental Immunology No. 2011 (2011), pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-460677
American Medical Association (AMA)
Thompson, Afton L.& Staats, Herman F.. Cytokines : The Future of Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants. Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2011. Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-17.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-460677
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-460677