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A Review of the “Open” and “Closed” Circulatory Systems : New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings
Joint Authors
Source
International Journal of Zoology
Issue
Vol. 2009, Issue 2009 (31 Dec. 2009), pp.1-8, 8 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2009-01-26
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Invertebrate cardiovascular systems have historically been viewed as sluggish, poorly regulated, and “open”, where blood bathes the tissues directly as it moves through a system of ill-defined sinuses and/or lacunae without an endothelial boundary.
When examining cardiovascular/circulatory morphology and physiology in a broader evolutionary context, one can question the very nature of the definition of a “closed” versus “open” circulatory system.
Viewed in this context a number of invertebrates have evolved incomplete or even completely cell-lined vessels and or lacunae with a highly branched vasculature that allows for the production of significant driving pressures and flows to meet relatively high metabolic demands driven by active life styles.
In light of our current understanding of invertebrate cardiovascular systems and their paralleled complexity to vertebrate systems, a number of long established paradigms must be questioned and new definitions presented to better align our understanding of the nature of “open” versus “closed” cardiovascular systems.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Reiber, Carl L.& McGaw, Iain J.. 2009. A Review of the “Open” and “Closed” Circulatory Systems : New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings. International Journal of Zoology،Vol. 2009, no. 2009, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-461583
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Reiber, Carl L.& McGaw, Iain J.. A Review of the “Open” and “Closed” Circulatory Systems : New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings. International Journal of Zoology No. 2009 (2009), pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-461583
American Medical Association (AMA)
Reiber, Carl L.& McGaw, Iain J.. A Review of the “Open” and “Closed” Circulatory Systems : New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings. International Journal of Zoology. 2009. Vol. 2009, no. 2009, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-461583
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-461583