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Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines and Otitis Media : An Appraisal of the Clinical Trials
Joint Authors
Fletcher, Mark A.
Fritzell, Bernard
Source
International Journal of Otolaryngology
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-15, 15 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-06-03
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
15
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the predominant otitis media pathogen and its prevention through effective vaccination could diminish childhood illness and antibiotic use.
This paper reviews 5 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) trials that used otitis media as an endpoint: Northern California Kaiser Permanente (NCKP; vaccine, 7-valent PCV [PCV7]-CRM); Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM; vaccines, PCV7-CRM or PCV7-OMPC); Native American Trial (vaccine, PCV7-CRM); Pneumococcal Otitis Efficacy Trial (POET; vaccine, 11-valent PCV [PCV11]-PD).
For the microbiological endpoint, vaccine efficacy against vaccine-serotype pneumococcal otitis media was about 60% across trials.
Against the clinical endpoint of all episodes, vaccine efficacy was 7% (PCV7-CRM/NCKP), 6% (PCV7-CRM/FinOM), −1% (PCV7-OMPC/FinOM), and −0.4% (PCV7-CRM/Native American Trial); 34% against first episodes of ear, nose, and throat specialist-referral cases (PCV11-PD/POET).
Both follow-up through 2 years of age, for the 5 trials, and long-term follow-up, for PCV7-CRM/NCKP and PCV7-CRM/FinOM, demonstrated greater vaccine efficacy against recurrent AOM and tympanostomy-tube placement, suggesting that vaccination against early episodes of AOM may prevent subsequent episodes of complicated otitis media.
Although study designs varied by primary endpoint measured, age at follow-up, source of middle-ear fluid for culture, case ascertainment, and type of randomization, each clinical trial demonstrated vaccine efficacy against microbiological and/or clinical otitis media.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Fletcher, Mark A.& Fritzell, Bernard. 2012. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines and Otitis Media : An Appraisal of the Clinical Trials. International Journal of Otolaryngology،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-462610
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Fletcher, Mark A.& Fritzell, Bernard. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines and Otitis Media : An Appraisal of the Clinical Trials. International Journal of Otolaryngology No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-462610
American Medical Association (AMA)
Fletcher, Mark A.& Fritzell, Bernard. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines and Otitis Media : An Appraisal of the Clinical Trials. International Journal of Otolaryngology. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-15.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-462610
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-462610