Validation of the Turkish Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale

Abstract EN

The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale is a widely used self-report measure that can facilitate detection of diabetes-specific emotional distress in clinical practice.

The aim of this study was to assess the factor structure and validity of the Turkish version of the PAID.

A validation study was conducted among 154 patients with insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes.

Participants completed the PAID, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS), and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaires.

Exploratory factor analyses yielded a 2-factor structure, identifying a 15-item “diabetes distress” factor and a 5-item “support-related issues” factor.

The total PAID-score and the two dimensions were associated with higher levels of depression and poor emotional well-being.

In the present study, the Turkish version of the PAID had satisfactory psychometric properties, however, the factorial structure was found to differ from factor solutions from other countries.