Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis : An Up-to-Date Overview
Joint Authors
Anagnostouli, Maria
Katsavos, Serafeim
Source
Multiple Sclerosis International
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-20, 20 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-01-22
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
20
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
During the last decades, the effort of establishing satisfactory biomarkers for multiple sclerosis has been proven to be very difficult, due to the clinical and pathophysiological complexities of the disease.
Recent knowledge acquired in the domains of genomics-immunogenetics and neuroimmunology, as well as the evolution in neuroimaging, has provided a whole new list of biomarkers.
This variety, though, leads inevitably to confusion in the effort of decision making concerning strategic and individualized therapeutics.
In this paper, our primary goal is to provide the reader with a list of the most important characteristics that a biomarker must possess in order to be considered as reliable.
Additionally, up-to-date biomarkers are further divided into three subgroups, genetic-immunogenetic, laboratorial, and imaging.
The most important representatives of each category are presented in the text and for the first time in a summarizing workable table, in a critical way, estimating their diagnostic potential and their efficacy to correlate with phenotypical expression, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, disability, and therapeutical response.
Special attention is given to the “gold standards” of each category, like HLA-DRB1* polymorphisms, oligoclonal bands, vitamin D, and conventional and nonconventional imaging techniques.
Moreover, not adequately established but quite promising, recently characterized biomarkers, like TOB-1 polymorphisms, are further discussed.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Katsavos, Serafeim& Anagnostouli, Maria. 2013. Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis : An Up-to-Date Overview. Multiple Sclerosis International،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-464136
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Katsavos, Serafeim& Anagnostouli, Maria. Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis : An Up-to-Date Overview. Multiple Sclerosis International No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-464136
American Medical Association (AMA)
Katsavos, Serafeim& Anagnostouli, Maria. Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis : An Up-to-Date Overview. Multiple Sclerosis International. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-20.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-464136
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-464136