Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Distributions of the Ankle-Brachial Index among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract EN

Background.

The aim of present study is to observe the association between the levels of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and cardiovascular risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in north India.

A cross-sectional study was carried out at a centre for heart and diabetic clinic in the state of Punjab on 1121 subjects (671 males and 450 females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

History of symptoms related to cardiovascular diseases was noted, and blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were recorded.

Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured using ultrasonic Doppler flow detector.

Subjects with ABI ≤0.9 and ≥1.30 were classified as having low and high ABI, respectively.

Females had a higher BMI and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (P<0.001).

Whereas, males had higher diastolic blood pressure and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The differences of systolic blood pressure and ankle-brachial index were not found significant between the sexes.

The prevalence of low ABI (<0.9) was 4.47% in men and 4.67% in women and high ABI (≥1.30) was prevalent in 14% of men and 10.45% of women.

Age, BMI, baPWV, and blood pressures were significantly associated with ABI value in both sexes.

The results suggested that the ABI might be used as a strong indicator for cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic subjects.