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Structure and Stability of Cocoa Flowers and Their Response to Pollination
Joint Authors
Oduro, William
Kwapong, Peter K.
Frimpong-Anin, Kofi
Adjaloo, Michael K.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2014, Issue 2014 (31 Dec. 2014), pp.1-6, 6 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2014-03-02
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
6
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
This study investigated the position of staminodes around the style of cocoa flowers and the stability of cocoa flowers relative to pollination and seasonality.
Cocoa flowers were categorized into converging, ≤1.20 mm; parallel, 1.21–2.40 mm, and splay ≥2.41 mm, depending on the distance between the staminode and style.
Some flowers were hand pollinated while others were not and were excluded from insect visitors.
Proportions of flowers of converging (56.0%), parallel (37.5%), and splay (6.5%) remained similar along the vertical plane of cocoa trees.
Although pollination rates of flowers with splay staminodes were the lowest, the overall pollination success of cocoa trees was not significantly affected because of the small proportion of splay flowers.The stability of the cocoa flowers depended on both the season and pollination.
During the dry season, unpollinated flowers of cocoa trees showed a flower-stability ratio of 72% on the second day, while the flower-stability ratio was 94% in the wet season.
Pollinated (senescent) flowers had a stability ratio of 95% after 5 days during the wet season, but all pollinated flowers dropped after 5 days in the dry season, indicating that seasonal factors, such as water stress, can have dramatic effects on cocoa yields.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Frimpong-Anin, Kofi& Adjaloo, Michael K.& Kwapong, Peter K.& Oduro, William. 2014. Structure and Stability of Cocoa Flowers and Their Response to Pollination. Journal of Botany،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-477621
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Frimpong-Anin, Kofi…[et al.]. Structure and Stability of Cocoa Flowers and Their Response to Pollination. Journal of Botany No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-477621
American Medical Association (AMA)
Frimpong-Anin, Kofi& Adjaloo, Michael K.& Kwapong, Peter K.& Oduro, William. Structure and Stability of Cocoa Flowers and Their Response to Pollination. Journal of Botany. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-477621
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-477621