Macronutrient Intake Influences the Effect of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Status on Metabolic Syndrome Outcomes in African American Girls

Abstract EN

The objectives were to determine the effect of macronutrient modification on vitamin D status and if change in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration influences components of metabolic syndrome in obese African American girls.

Methods.

Five-week intervention using reduced CHO (43% carbohydrate; 27% fat: SPEC) versus standard CHO (55% carbohydrate; 40% fat: STAN) eucaloric diet.

Subjects were 28 obese African American females, aged 9–14 years.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and meal test were performed at baseline and five weeks.

Results.

Approximately 30% of girls had metabolic syndrome.

Serum 25OHD increased in both groups at five weeks [STAN: 20.3 ± 1.1 to 22.4 ± 1.1 (P<0.05) versus SPEC: 16.1±1.0 to 16.8±1.0 (P=0.05)].

The STAN group, increased 25OHD concentration over five weeks (P<0.05), which was positively related to triglycerides (P<0.001) and inversely associated with total cholesterol (P<0.001) and LDL (P<0.001).

The SPEC group, had increase in 25OHD (P=0.05), which was positively related to fasting insulin (P<0.001) and insulin sensitivity while inversely associated with fasting glucose (P<0.05).

The contribution of vitamin D status to metabolic syndrome parameters differs according to macronutrient intake.

Improvement in 25OHD may improve fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and LDL; however, macronutrient intake warrants consideration.