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Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil : A Review
Author
Source
Applied and Environmental Soil Science
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-33, 33 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-05-30
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
33
Main Subjects
Earth Science , Water and Environment
Abstract EN
Energetic materials comprise both explosives and propellants.
When released to the biosphere, energetics are xenobiotic contaminants which pose toxic hazards to ecosystems, humans, and other biota.
Soils worldwide are contaminated by energetic materials from manufacturing operations; military conflict; military training activities at firing and impact ranges; and open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) of obsolete munitions.
Energetic materials undergo varying degrees of chemical and biochemical transformation depending on the compounds involved and environmental factors.
This paper addresses the occurrence of energetic materials in soils including a discussion of their fates after contact with soil.
Emphasis is placed on the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and the propellant ingredients nitroglycerin (NG), nitroguanidine (NQ), nitrocellulose (NC), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and perchlorate.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Pichtel, John. 2012. Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil : A Review. Applied and Environmental Soil Science،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-33.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-485468
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Pichtel, John. Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil : A Review. Applied and Environmental Soil Science No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-33.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-485468
American Medical Association (AMA)
Pichtel, John. Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil : A Review. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-33.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-485468
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-485468