Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases
Joint Authors
Hayashi, Hideki
Yamamoto, Naoki
Sato, Hironori
Kubo, Yoshinao
Matsuyama, Toshifumi
Source
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-14, 14 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-12-06
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
14
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Retroviruses include infectious agents inducing severe diseases in humans and animals.
In addition, retroviruses are widely used as tools to transfer genes of interest to target cells.
Understanding the entry mechanism of retroviruses contributes to developments of novel therapeutic approaches against retrovirus-induced diseases and efficient exploitation of retroviral vectors.
Entry of enveloped viruses into host cell cytoplasm is achieved by fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membranes at either the cell surface or intracellular vesicles.
Many animal retroviruses enter host cells through endosomes and require endosome acidification.
Ecotropic murine leukemia virus entry requires cathepsin proteases activated by the endosome acidification.
CD4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is thought to occur via endosomes, but endosome acidification is not necessary for the entry whereas entry of CD4-independent HIVs, which are thought to be prototypes of CD4-dependent viruses, is low pH dependent.
There are several controversial results on the retroviral entry pathways.
Because endocytosis and endosome acidification are complicatedly controlled by cellular mechanisms, the retrovirus entry pathways may be different in different cell lines.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Kubo, Yoshinao& Hayashi, Hideki& Matsuyama, Toshifumi& Sato, Hironori& Yamamoto, Naoki. 2012. Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases. Advances in Virology،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-487465
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Kubo, Yoshinao…[et al.]. Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases. Advances in Virology No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-487465
American Medical Association (AMA)
Kubo, Yoshinao& Hayashi, Hideki& Matsuyama, Toshifumi& Sato, Hironori& Yamamoto, Naoki. Retrovirus Entry by Endocytosis and Cathepsin Proteases. Advances in Virology. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-487465
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-487465