Methanolic Extracts of Bitter Melon Inhibit Colon Cancer Stem Cells by Affecting Energy Homeostasis and Autophagy
Joint Authors
Subramaniam, Dharmalingam
Standing, David
Moran, Elizabeth
Umar, Shahid
Mitra, Ashim K.
Velayutham, Ravichandiran
Anant, Shrikant
Ramamoorthy, Prabhu
Kwatra, Deep
Source
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Issue
Vol. 2013, Issue 2013 (31 Dec. 2013), pp.1-14, 14 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2013-03-06
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
14
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Bitter melon fruit is recommended in ancient Indian and Chinese medicine for prevention/treatment of diabetes.
However its effects on cancer progression are not well understood.
Here, we have determined the efficacy of methanolic extracts of bitter melon on colon cancer stem and progenitor cells.
Both, whole fruit (BMW) and skin (BMSk) extracts showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation, with BMW showing greater efficacy.
In addition, the cells were arrested at the S phase of cell cycle.
Moreover, BMW induced the cleavage of LC3B but not caspase 3/7, suggesting that the cells were undergoing autophagy and not apoptosis.
Further confirmation of autophagy was obtained when western blots showed reduced Bcl-2 and increased Beclin-1, Atg 7 and 12 upon BMW treatment.
BMW reduced cellular ATP levels coupled with activation of AMP activated protein kinase; on the other hand, exogenous additions of ATP lead to revival of cell proliferation.
Finally, BMW treatment results in a dose-dependent reduction in the number and size of colonospheres.
The extracts also decreased the expression of DCLK1 and Lgr5, markers of quiescent, and activated stem cells.
Taken together, these results suggest that the extracts of bitter melon can be an effective preventive/therapeutic agent for colon cancer.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Kwatra, Deep& Subramaniam, Dharmalingam& Ramamoorthy, Prabhu& Standing, David& Moran, Elizabeth& Velayutham, Ravichandiran…[et al.]. 2013. Methanolic Extracts of Bitter Melon Inhibit Colon Cancer Stem Cells by Affecting Energy Homeostasis and Autophagy. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine،Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-491769
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Kwatra, Deep…[et al.]. Methanolic Extracts of Bitter Melon Inhibit Colon Cancer Stem Cells by Affecting Energy Homeostasis and Autophagy. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine No. 2013 (2013), pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-491769
American Medical Association (AMA)
Kwatra, Deep& Subramaniam, Dharmalingam& Ramamoorthy, Prabhu& Standing, David& Moran, Elizabeth& Velayutham, Ravichandiran…[et al.]. Methanolic Extracts of Bitter Melon Inhibit Colon Cancer Stem Cells by Affecting Energy Homeostasis and Autophagy. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013. Vol. 2013, no. 2013, pp.1-14.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-491769
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-491769