Mitochondrial Dysfunction and β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Joint Authors
Zhao, Zhengshan
Ma, Zhongmin Alex
Turk, John
Source
Experimental Diabetes Research
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-11, 11 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2011-11-09
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
11
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common human endocrine disease and is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic islet β-cell failure.
Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is a central contributor to β-cell failure in the evolution of T2DM.
As reviewed elsewhere, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by β-cell mitochondria as a result of metabolic stress activate several stress-response pathways.
This paper focuses on mechanisms whereby ROS affect mitochondrial structure and function and lead to β-cell failure.
ROS activate UCP2, which results in proton leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane, and this leads to reduced β-cell ATP synthesis and content, which is a critical parameter in regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
In addition, ROS oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial cardiolipin and other phospholipids, and this impairs membrane integrity and leads to cytochrome c release into cytosol and apoptosis.
Group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) appears to be a component of a mechanism for repairing mitochondrial phospholipids that contain oxidized fatty acid substituents, and genetic or acquired iPLA2β-deficiency increases β-cell mitochondrial susceptibility to injury from ROS and predisposes to developing T2DM.
Interventions that attenuate ROS effects on β-cell mitochondrial phospholipids might prevent or retard development of T2DM.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Ma, Zhongmin Alex& Zhao, Zhengshan& Turk, John. 2011. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Experimental Diabetes Research،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-491825
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Ma, Zhongmin Alex…[et al.]. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Experimental Diabetes Research No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-491825
American Medical Association (AMA)
Ma, Zhongmin Alex& Zhao, Zhengshan& Turk, John. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Experimental Diabetes Research. 2011. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-491825
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-491825