Connecting the Lines between Hypogonadism and Atherosclerosis
Joint Authors
Fahed, Akl C.
Gholmieh, Joanna M.
Azar, Sami T.
Source
International Journal of Endocrinology
Issue
Vol. 2012, Issue 2012 (31 Dec. 2012), pp.1-12, 12 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2012-02-16
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
12
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Epidemiological studies show that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and point to gender differences with ageing males being at highest risk.
Atherosclerosis is a complex process that has several risk factors and mediators.
Hypogonadism is a commonly undiagnosed disease that has been associated with many of the events, and risk factors leading to atherosclerosis.
The mechanistic relations between testosterone levels, atherosclerotic events, and risk factors are poorly understood in many instances, but the links are clear.
In this paper, we summarize the research journey that explains the link between hypogonadism, each of the atherosclerotic events, and risk factors.
We look into the different areas from which lessons could be learned, including epidemiological studies, animal and laboratory experiments, studies on androgen deprivation therapy patients, and studies on testosterone-treated patients.
We finish by providing recommendations for the clinician and needs for future research.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Fahed, Akl C.& Gholmieh, Joanna M.& Azar, Sami T.. 2012. Connecting the Lines between Hypogonadism and Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Endocrinology،Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-498629
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Fahed, Akl C.…[et al.]. Connecting the Lines between Hypogonadism and Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Endocrinology No. 2012 (2012), pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-498629
American Medical Association (AMA)
Fahed, Akl C.& Gholmieh, Joanna M.& Azar, Sami T.. Connecting the Lines between Hypogonadism and Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2012. Vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp.1-12.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-498629
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-498629