Delaying Onset of Dementia : Are Two Languages Enough?
Joint Authors
Craik, Fergus I. M.
Bak, Thomas H.
Raju, Surampudi Bapi
Bialystok, Ellen
Chertkow, Howard
Freedman, Morris
Alladi, Suvarna
Duggirala, Vasanta
Phillips, Natalie A.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2014, Issue 2014 (31 Dec. 2014), pp.1-8, 8 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2014-05-18
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
There is an emerging literature suggesting that speaking two or more languages may significantly delay the onset of dementia.
Although the mechanisms are unknown, it has been suggested that these may involve cognitive reserve, a concept that has been associated with factors such as higher levels of education, occupational status, social networks, and physical exercise.
In the case of bilingualism, cognitive reserve may involve reorganization and strengthening of neural networks that enhance executive control.
We review evidence for protective effects of bilingualism from a multicultural perspective involving studies in Toronto and Montreal, Canada, and Hyderabad, India.
Reports from Toronto and Hyderabad showed a significant effect of speaking two or more languages in delaying onset of Alzheimer’s disease by up to 5 years, whereas the Montreal study showed a significant protective effect of speaking at least four languages and a protective effect of speaking at least two languages in immigrants.
Although there were differences in results across studies, a common theme was the significant effect of language use history as one of the factors in determining the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
Moreover, the Hyderabad study extended the findings to frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Freedman, Morris& Alladi, Suvarna& Chertkow, Howard& Bialystok, Ellen& Craik, Fergus I. M.& Phillips, Natalie A.…[et al.]. 2014. Delaying Onset of Dementia : Are Two Languages Enough?. Behavioural Neurology،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-499715
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Freedman, Morris…[et al.]. Delaying Onset of Dementia : Are Two Languages Enough?. Behavioural Neurology No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-499715
American Medical Association (AMA)
Freedman, Morris& Alladi, Suvarna& Chertkow, Howard& Bialystok, Ellen& Craik, Fergus I. M.& Phillips, Natalie A.…[et al.]. Delaying Onset of Dementia : Are Two Languages Enough?. Behavioural Neurology. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-499715
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-499715