![](/images/graphics-bg.png)
Cigarette Smoke, Bacteria, Mold, Microbial Toxins, and Chronic Lung Inflammation
Joint Authors
Paszkiewicz, Geraldine
Pauly, John L.
Source
Issue
Vol. 2011, Issue 2011 (31 Dec. 2011), pp.1-13, 13 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2011-07-09
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
13
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Chronic inflammation associated with cigarette smoke fosters malignant transformation and tumor cell proliferation and promotes certain nonneoplastic pulmonary diseases.
The question arises as to whether chronic inflammation and/or colonization of the airway can be attributed, at least in part, to tobacco-associated microbes (bacteria, fungi, and spores) and/or microbial toxins (endotoxins and mycotoxins) in tobacco.
To address this question, a literature search of documents in various databases was performed.
The databases included PubMed, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, and US Patents.
This investigation documents that tobacco companies have identified and quantified bacteria, fungi, and microbial toxins at harvest, throughout fermentation, and during storage.
Also characterized was the microbial flora of diverse smoking and smokeless tobacco articles.
Evidence-based health concerns expressed in investigations of microbes and microbial toxins in cigarettes, cigarette smoke, and smokeless tobacco products are reasonable; they warrant review by regulatory authorities and, if necessary, additional investigation to address scientific gaps.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Pauly, John L.& Paszkiewicz, Geraldine. 2011. Cigarette Smoke, Bacteria, Mold, Microbial Toxins, and Chronic Lung Inflammation. Journal of Oncology،Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-500633
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Pauly, John L.& Paszkiewicz, Geraldine. Cigarette Smoke, Bacteria, Mold, Microbial Toxins, and Chronic Lung Inflammation. Journal of Oncology No. 2011 (2011), pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-500633
American Medical Association (AMA)
Pauly, John L.& Paszkiewicz, Geraldine. Cigarette Smoke, Bacteria, Mold, Microbial Toxins, and Chronic Lung Inflammation. Journal of Oncology. 2011. Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-13.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-500633
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-500633